Stochastic resonance with a single metastable state: Thermal instability in NbN superconducting stripline resonators

We study thermal instability in NbN superconducting stripline resonators. The system exhibits extreme nonlinearity near a bifurcation, which separates a monostable zone and an astable one. The lifetime of the metastable state, which is locally stable in the monostable zone, is measured near the bifurcation and the results are compared with a theory. Near bifurcation, where the lifetime becomes relatively short, the system exhibits strong amplification of a weak input modulation signal. We find that the frequency bandwidth of this amplification mechanism is limited by the rate of thermal relaxation. When the frequency of the input modulation signal becomes comparable or larger than this rate, the response of the system exhibits subharmonics of various orders.